w£ V3 



GRADUATING CLASS 



JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE, 



FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. 

DKUVEKED IN THE 

ACADEMY OF MUSIC, 

MARCH 12, 1879. 
BY 

J. AITKEN MEIGS, M.D., 

PROFESSOR OP THE INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. 



PHILADELPHIA: 
PUGH MADEIRA, SURGICAL INSTRUMENT MAKER, 

115 SOUTH TENTH STREET, BELOW CHESTNUT. 
1879. 



\y 



h%%tb- 



U. S. National Museum, 



s..ki. 



No. 

Dr. Charles Rau was born in Belgium in 1826. He 
came to the United States in 1848, and was engaged as 
teacher at Belleville, Illinois, and in New York. In 1875 he 
accepted an invitation from the Smithsonian Institution to 
prepare an ethnological exhibit to be displayed at the Cen- 
tennial Exhibition, and subsequently was appointed Curator 
of the department of Archaeology in the National Museum, 
which position he held at the time of his death, July 25, 1887. 
He bequeathed his Archaeological collections and library to 
the U. S. National Museum* • ' • 




VALEDICTORY ADDRESS 



GRADUATING CLASS 



JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE, 



FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. 



DELIVERED IN THE 



ACADEMY OF MUSIC, 

MARCH 12, 1879. 



BY 
J. AITKEN MEIGS, M.D., 

PROFESSOR OP THE INSTITUTES OP MEDICINE AND MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. 



PHILADELPHIA: 
COLLINS, PRINTER, 705 JAYNE STREET. 

1879. 



r 



CORRESPONDENCE. 






Jefferson Medical College, February 28th, 1879. 

At a meeting of the members of the Graduating Class of the Jefferson Medical 
College, it was unanimously 

Resolved, That a committee, composed of one member from each State, Province, and 
Nation represented, be appointed to tender to Prof. J. Aitken Meigs the compliments 
of the Class, and request for publication a copy of the Valedictory Address, to be 
delivered by him at the Annual Commencement on March 12th, 1879. 

J. R. Duggan, Secretary. P. R. KOONS, President. 

Jefferson Medical College, March 5th, 1879. 
Prof. J. Aitken Meigs, M.D. — 

Dear Sir : We, the undersigned committee appointed in accordance with the 
foregoing resolution, tender you the compliments of the Class, and earnestly request, 
for publication,* a copy of your Valedictory Address, to be delivered at the Annual 
Commencement on Wednesday, March 12th, 1879. 

Very respectfully yours, 

Louis Weiss, Colorado, Chairman. 

Cjharles Gardiner, Connecticut. 

John Waters, Arkansas. 

T. J. Murry, Tennessee. 

W. P. Beall, North Carolina. 

W. A. Paine, Pennsylvania. 

Page Brown, California. 

G. R. Clayton, Texas. 
» J/WN McDonald, Prince Edward Island. 

(5. R. Herron, Florida. 

J. T. Stapp, Alabama. 

W. L. Rodman, Kentucky. 

E. A. Worsley, Virginia. 
L. C. Cline, Indiana. 

C. H. Cates, Maine. 

Frank Kilburn, New Brunswick. 
Alfonzo Guerrero, Central America. 
S. M. Orr, South Carolina. 
T. W. Sheardown, Minnesota. 

F. E. Stewart, New York. 
F. L. C. Tice, Maryland. 

E. M. Whitney, Massachusetts. 
A. Rose, U.S.A. 

J. W. Heddens, Missouri. 
H. H. Davis, New Jersey. 

F. E. McClure, Vermont. 
H. C Hopper, Illinois. 

George Woodruff, New Hampshire. 

D. M. McGehee, Mississippi. 
F. Cauthorn, Oregon. 

D. B. Otway, West Indies. 
W. S. Hoy, West Virginia. 
S. S. P. Barnes, Ohio. 



1408 Spruce Street, March 5th, 1879. 
To Messrs. Lor/is Weiss, Charles Gardiner, John Waters, and others, Committee. 

Gentlemen : I place at your disposal the manuscript of my Valedictory Address, 
and heg yon to accept for yourselves, and the members of the Class which you repre- 
sent, my heartiest wishes for your future prosperity and happiness. 

Very respectfully yours, 

JAMES AITKEN MEIGS. 



To give subtil ty to the simple, to the young man 
knowledge and discretion. — Proverbs, i. 4. 

Your voiceless lips, flowers ! are living preachers, 

Each cup a pulpit, and each leaf a book 
Supplying to my fancy numerous teachers 

From loneliest nook. — Horace Smith, Hymn to the Flowers. 



VALEDICTORY ADDRESS. 



Three times hath golden summer come and fled, 
Three times hath pallid winter overspread 
With snow, and stamped with jagged seal of ice 
The shrinking earth ; and rosy spring hath thrice 
In turn, with balmy breath, that seal dissolved, 
Since you to learn the Healing Art resolved. 



The novitiate of 
tin- student. 



Not one of all the famous wrestlers drilled 

In Greek palestroe, nor any athlete skilled 

In Roman games, the victor's wreath to seize 

Did strive with greater skill ; not Hercules 

More earnestly the flying stag pursued ; 

Not Theseus the savage bull subdued, 

Nor Siegfried smote the fair and brave Brynhild 

More valiantly, than you have sternly willed 

To toil, and nobly won the great success 

Which this day's act doth crown and thus confess 

Before the gracious throng assembled here. 

For many, many months, with toil severe, 

Alike have hospital and college claimed 

Your busy days ; unwearied still, you aimed ■ 

At night, in presence of the solemn dead, 

To learn the Avondrous riddles, yet unread, 

Of life and death, which mighty minds have sought 

To solve, alas ! in vain, with anxious thought. 

With knowledge armed, high hopes and courage rare, 

Impatiently you stand and long to dare 

That strife with Clotho and her sister Fates, 

Which this Commencement Day inaugurates. 



His laborious pre- 
paration tor the 
doctorate, 



and eagerness to 
assume its respon- 
sibilities. 



In knightly days when Charlemagne was king, 
When troubadours did love and honor sing, 



Days of knight- 
hood. 



6 

When queenly women ruled o'er courts of love, 
Conferring knighthood, and, as far above 
All price, proclaiming virtue, honor, truth — ■ 
To noble life thus leading generous youth— 
In those chivalric days, the neophyte, 
Who long had sought to be ordained a knight, 
Vow of the knight. Was made, when he his sword received, to swear 
That he for righteous cause alone would bare 
That blade ; for Christian faith would boldly strike ; 
Before the weak would stand, a stubborn dyke 
Oppression's flood opposing ; and would protect 
All womankind and hold them in respect. 

The Hippocratic As did the knight in olden time, so you 

Must now resolve, with honest hearts and true. 

To wield the sword of knowledge in relief 

Of sick and suffering ones, and those with grief 

Bowed down and overweighted with much care. 

And further you must solemnly declare 

That you in purity and holiness 

Will live and exercise your art to bless 

Mankind; from acts of mischief will abstain. 

And all seductive wiles ; and will refrain 

From giving drugs for deadly purposes 

Or vile. And when some aching brain discloses 

The secrets of a sad or guilty life, 

Which best the world should never know, lest strife 

And ill example follow, you will hide 

Such secrets whilst you counsel, whilst you chide.* 

Its antiquity and Than vow of knight, of older date and growth 
exalted character ; T ,-. • ,, i TT . ,- ,1 

the reward offered J- s this exalted Hippocratic oath. 

and punishment ^ s y OU ^g mandates keep inviolate, 
threatened. * x 

So live you honored by the good and great. 

Should ever you these wholesome laws transcend, 

To unrespected grave may you descend. 



* The Oath, Works of Hippocrates translated by Francis Adams, 
LL.D., Surgeon, London, 1849, vol. ii. p. 779. 



The knight, as patron saint, some lovely maid 
Did choose, or noble dame, and her obeyed ; 
Her praises spoke and wore her scarf or veil 
Or ribbon-bow, as ensign, where the hail 
Of crushing blows in thickest fight fell fast, 
Her name, his war-cry, shouting with bugle blast. 
You likewise have, this day, yourselves arrayed 
Beneath the banner of the high-born maid 
Hygeia, daughter of Asclepios, 
Descended from Apollo Delios ; 
Adored as Maut,* beside the mystic Nile, 
With Amen-Ra in Theban peristyle ; 
Dear goddess Health, sister of Panacea, 
Of beauty's types the highest, best idea. 



The patroness i i 
tin' knight, for 
whom ami in 
whose name be 
fought. 



The maiden. 
Health, in whose 
behalf the physi- 
cian strives against 

disease. 

Her divine origin. 



Nor fragile she, nor pale ; but ruddy, strong, 

And gladsome as a tuneful, joyous song. 

Her comely form, in swelling curves designed, 

Is perfect grace with glowing strength combined. 

Crimson and white in her fair face contend, 

Upon her cheeks in sweet confusion blend ; 

Her rosy lips excel the coral's brightness, 

Brow, nose, and chin are fleecy ways of whiteness. 

Loosely flowing falls her hair a golden spray, 

Forth from her lustrous eyes she scatters day. 

For thus resplendently her jocund soul 

Wells through her eyes in laughing waves which roll, 

And, spreading, gleam like early morning light 

Flung back from eastward-looking mountain height ; 

Or lambent waves of phosphorescent sea, 

Flashing at night with sudden brilliancy. 



Her comely ap- 
pearance, 



* Asclepios, or JEsculapius, is doubtless the Egyptian Thoth, or 
Hermes Trismegistus, whose symbols, the staff and twining ser- 
vient, surmounted with the mystic hawk of Horus Ra, and the solar 
urseus, appear in the ancient temple Pselcis, near Dakkeh, in 
Nubia. In all probability Hygeia, the later feminine form of the 
myth, is derived from Maut or Mut, the "Mother Goddess" of 
Egypt, whose hieroglyphical signs were transformed by the Greeks 
into the snake and bowl of their goddess of health. See Wilkin- 
son's Ancient Egyptians, vol. v. p. 12, plate 46 ; or the new edi- 
tion by S. Birch, vol. iii. p. 170; Sharpe's Egyptian Mythology, 
pp. 32, 34 ; Cooper's Serpent Myths of Ancient Egypt, pp. 8-12. 



Robes rich and costly, gold and precious stones, 
She deemeth ill to wear while wretched groans 
From want and hunger rise on every hand, 
Through all the length and breadth of this large land. 

dress, deportment, In graceful peplos clothed, and tunic short, 
She moves as doth the fawn in gentle sport ; 
Serenely moves Avith mild simplicity, 
On all bestowing sweet felicity. 
Though clothed thus round about with tenderness, 

merry moods, She hath her boisterous moods which effervesce, 
As sudden summer wind, upspringing high, 
The forest sweeps, leaves tossing to the sky. 



mystic emblems, 



and character. 



In one small hand a cup she deftly holds, 
Whilst round her soft, white arm, in many folds, 
A serpent twines and from the chalice drinks. 
Low crouches, sometimes, at her feet a sphinx.* 
From these strange emblems learn her character, 
How very cunning she, and how exact her 
Knowledge and profound ; how with wondrous skill 
Her youth renews; and is discreet and still. 
For she hath touch of frost within her blood, 
Though warmest type of tender womanhood ; 
More secrets knows than cares she to reveal, 
And in her hands are subtle means to heal. 



Thus briefly sketched, behold your faithful guide, 
Your gentle, loving, health-dispensing bride. 
And now be mine the pleasing task to sing 

Epithaiamium. Your epithalamium, and to fling 

Upon the altar, ere you leave for aye, 

Bridal gifts. Some gifts to mark this bright, auspicious day — 

Sweet flowers, heart-hopings for your success, 
Ripe fruits and leaves, sage counsel to express. 



* "On repre'sentait cette deesse (Hygiee) sous la forme d'une 
jeune fille de taille svelte et degagee, vetue d'une robe legere, et 
couverte d'une courte tunique. Elle tenait d'une main une coupe 
remplie de masa, c'est-a-dire, d'une pate d'offrande preparee avec 
la farine d'orge la plus pure, et vers laquelle s'elancait un serpent 
entortille autour de l'autre bras. — Elle est figuree une Ms ayant 
un sphynx a ses pieds." — Sprengel, Histoire de la M<?decine, Paris, 
1815, t. i. p. 134 et 184. Montfaucon, suppl. t. i. pi. Ixviii. 



9 



First, orange-flowers and amaranth I bring, 

And bridal roses of the blithesome spring, 

Emblems of happy, chaste, unfading love. 

Next, daisies, lilies whiter than white dove, 

Bethlehem's star and mint I offer you, 

As types of the pure life you should pursue. 

Physicians' lives with virtue should keep pace, 

And like the hands upon the dial's face, 

Observed by all, should silent teachers prove, 

And other lives to regular course thus move. 

More than his cry, the wild duck's steady flight 

Persuades the flock to follow him aright. 

With busy hands the altar I bestrew 

With elder, you with ardor to imbue ; 

With dock which patience signifies, a great 

And needful virtue you must cultivate ; 

With SAvamp magnolia, poplar, black and dry, 

For courage and perseverance these imply, 

As necessary aids in life's career. 

Wild grapes and allspice next I scatter here, 

To urge you to the greatest charity, 

Benevolence and solidarity. 

Let this clay's good resolves prove fruitful seeds, 

Through life to blossom into kindly deeds ; 

With open hands and good advice still bless 

The poor, afflicted, all who know distress ; 

The widowed hands and fatherless upstay,* 

Be Perseus to these Andromeda?. 

Be like unfailing springs that overflow 

In streams to carry life where'er they go. 

Within your hands a staff of mountain-ash 

I place, which seems to say be never rash, 

Let prudence safety lend, and power too. 

And this red belladonna flower you 

I give, which floral language silence deems, 

A trait the wise physician well beseems. 

Though seeing, hearing much, yet naught betray 

As Hamlet to the midnight watch did say, 

" And still your fingers on your lips, I pray."f 



Floral offerings in- 
culcating earnest- 
ness, 



purity of life, 



zeal, patience, 



perseverance, 



and a benevolent, 
disposition. 



The staff of pru- 
dence and the 
flower of silence. 



* Epistle of James, i. 27. 



f Act i., scene v. 



10 

The devotion of See now the cunning wreath my fancy weaves 

the physician to r\n ■ i , -i i i > 

his art. Of lv y? locust, bay, and cedar leaves ; 

Inwove with bluebells, honeysuckle too, 
Jasmine and heliotrope of far Peru, 
Had leaves and flowers- tongues, these would impart 
The lesson of devotion to your art— 
Your Art, which is your bride, and claims as such 
From you, unwearied thought and labor much. 



How very noble A very jealous mistress is this maid, 
for Ms areas' the ^° ner Si ^ <mG J onv homage must be paid ; 

love of the bride- Her must you love with not the common love 

groom for his ^ 

bride. Of common men, whose souls unsteady rove 

Like fire-flies dancing in the summer night ; 

Not as the needle, swayed by northern light, 

The traction of its polar spouse resists ; 

With not that love which selfishly insists, 

While asking all, it little shall return ; 

Which knows not sacrifice, nor can discern 

Betwixt the barren thought and fruitful act ; 

Which soon forgets old loves when new attract, 

As children always newest toys desire r 

But with that deep, prolonged, impassioned fire 

Which baser minds can never feel nor learn ; 

With steadfast yearning which doth life out-burn, 

And doth the grave and buried hopes illume, 

As lightning-flash dispels the forest-gloom 

Through sultry summer nights, with fitful glare 

Revealing ghostly trees still standing there. 

Some of the few Your love must rival that which Petrarch showed 

who have sounded 

the depths of affec- -tor Laura, Dante on Beatrice bestowed, 

BiWe^o^^raany ® r Leonora fair from Tasso won ; 

whose natures Which Shakespeare rave the dark and weird unknown 

have been fash- r . ° 

ioned upon a lower Enshrined, though nameless, in his sonnets sweet,* 

intellectual and . , . . . , . . 

emotional plane. And noble Angeio, with action meet. 



* For conflicting views concerning this mysterious episode in the 
life of the great poet, see, among many other works, " The Sonnets 
of Shakespeare solved," by Henry Brown, London, 1870; and 
Shakespeare's Dramatic Art, by Dr. Herman Ulrici, London, 1876. 



11 

Expressed, when dead Colonna's hand he kissed, 
And from his heart all joy thenceforth dismissed.* 

< >h, love ! much talked of, little understood, Love and devotion 

tlr , , ., , ,, L , . i conquer Mil- world. 

A\ ert always true, thou wert the greatest good ; 

Sublime devotion, rare indeed as grand, 

All possibilities lie in thy hand, 

All difficulties flee before thy word, 

And the whole earth with thy resolve is stirred. 

John Grower, Chaucer's friend, in language fit, The lesson learned 

Your duty to your loving bride thus writ. 
It ponder well, I pray, take heed to it. 
" What thing she bid me do, I do, 

And where she bid me go, I go, 

And when she likes to call, I come. 

Thus hath she fully overcome 

Mine idleness. 

"What so she will, so wilt I, 

When she will sit, I kneel by. 

I serve, I bow, I look, I loute, 

Mine eye followeth her about." \ 

My flower-basket once again I ope, Hope. 

And hawthorn find for you, which meaneth hope— • 

That bridge o'er-arching life's- tempestuous flood ; 

That blessed angel steadying the blood 

Which falters from the anxious, care-worn face ; 

To sad soul's whispering, take heart of grace, 

To-morrow shall be happier than to-day ;| 

The captive comforting in his dismay, 

The troclden-down uplifting from distress, 

The daring beckoning to sure success. 

" True hope is swift and flies with swallow's wings, 

Kings it makes gods, and meaner creatures kings. "§ 

* Grimm's Life of Michael Angelo, Boston, 1877, vol. ii. pp. 315, 
321. 

f Confessio Amantis of John Gower. Edited by Dr. Reinhold 
Pauli, London, 1857, vol. ii. p. 41. 

J " credula vitam 

Spes fovet, et fore eras semper ait melius." 

Tibullus, Elegy, vii. 
§ Richard III., Act v., scene ii. 



12 



Hope successful 
ouly when aided 
by resolute pur- 
pose and sustained 
effort. 



To struggle 
against difficulties 
with energy and 
industry is to de- 
velop power. 



Nothing without 
labor. 



A song of labor. 



But hope to be successful must combine 
With fixed resolve to win, which columbine, 
This purple columbine, and mountain pink 
Which seeks the sun upon the topmost brink, 
So well express. 

As one with quickened heart 
And panting breath, much toil and painful smart, 
Through winding, tangled ways with rocks o'ercast, 
The sunlit mountain top finds out at last, 
So you to seize the cardinal flower 
Distinction, to climb the lofty tower 
Of glory in your god-like calling grand, 
Must toil with might, must trials great withstand, 
Must watch and wait, and be by naught deterred, 
Whilst travelling the path of hope deferred. 
What though adversity make you its prey, 
Not always night usurps the place of day. 
Wise Seneca esteemed unfortunate 
The man who never strove with adverse fate.* 
When most oppressed great souls most power show, 
As flowers crushed their sweetest scents bestow. 
Should troubles sore your pathway tessellate, 
Lo ! chamomile and flax which intimate 
That energy and industry will touch, 
As with IthuriePs spear, j- these foes, who crouch 
Within the happy Eden of your life, 
Like Satan in the first garden, bent on strife. 

To mortals life, as Horace sang, gives naught 
Without great labor.! Learn this lesson, fraught 
With vast results, and never learned too soon — 
Learn and practise, it will prove a boon. 
Through labor you your bride to greatness brings, 
Into your youthful ears this song she sings : 

You must labor. Of oldest elate, 

This law compulsory began 
While chaos kept disordered state, 

Ere yet from dust was fashioned man. 



* Nihil infelicius eo, cui nihil unquarn evenit adversi. De Pro- 
videntia, 3. 

f Paradise Lost, Book iv., 810. 

t Nil sine magno labore dedit mortalibus. Satires, 1, 9, 60. 



13 



Expanding from this primal source, 

A power in creation's scheme, 
It runs unrestingly its course, 

And swayeth all with might supreme. 

You must labor. The heaving surge 

Of ocean bears upon its crest 
The mandate. On the beetling verge 

Of rocks, on hills and plains impressed 
Indelibly, lo ! labor's seal — 

On river borne, on lake and spring, 
In sunbeams glancing that enwheel 

Our globe with blessing-laden wing. 

The searcher in the dim abodes 

Where science guards her treasured lore, 
The delver midst the golden lodes 

Of wisdom's richest, purest store ; 
The student whose untiring eye 

The touch of healthful sleep scarce knows ; 
The sons of toil, whose heart-wrung cry 

No respite winneth from their woes ; 

The merchant prince with soul-care clad, 

The statesman clothed in arrogance 
And power, the merry ones and sad 

Who thickly crowd life's shadow-dance ; 
Strong industry, w r an penury, 

Restless ambition seeking fame, 
Gray sorrow, patient misery — 

All, all its potency proclaim. 

You must labor. Thus God hath said, 

Thou, in the sweat which doth bedew 
The face, shalt eat thy daily bread. 

The healing art shall yield to you 
Reward through ceaseless toil and care 

In saving men from sickness, pain, 
And death, and worse than death, despair, 

Which freezes heart and palsies brain. 



14 



You must labor with noblest aim, 

If on the massive architrave 
Of fame's entablature, your name 

In living lines you would engrave. 
No tarrying the road beside, 

No resting from the work, though worn, 
Still toiling at the even- tide, 

As at the noon and early morn. 



May toil be 
crowned with 

success. 



That great success may crown your toil, I throw 

You coronilla fair and mistletoe, 

Which tell of difficulties overcome, 

As victories proclaimed by beat of drum ; 

And rock-rose, currants too, of savor sweet, 

That all your strivings may much favor meet. 



Some words of 
warning:. 



Hidden dangers. 



Disease is no re- 
specter of persons. 



Not obstacles seen clearly constitute 
The foes most dangerous to the resolute, 
Who such opponents justly recognize 
As friendly helpers in a rough disguise ; 
But rather those temptations manifold 
Which dangers hide, as thickets dense some bold, 
Deceitful precipice shut in from view, 
And lure with leaves and flowers, bright of hue, 
.Unwary ones to sudden fall and death, 
Amidst the cruel rocks concealed beneath. 
Against some hidden dangers you to warn, 
The bridal altar I forthwith adorn 
With tuberose, sweet-scented, clothed in white, 
And fragrant apples rosy to the sight — 
The fruit which our first mother led astray, 
And showed her quickened eyes life's rugged way, 
Showed her and us how lengthened woes outspring 
From fleeting joys, as shadows to sunlight cling. 

Disease is cosmopolitan and makes 
No nice distinctions, but its victims takes 
From every place and from all ranks alike, 
And equally the great and mean doth strike. 
All sick, in time, will come to seek your aid ; 
The rich, the poor, people of every grade 



15 



Of worth and wealth, the noble and the vile ; 

Some clad in innocence, some filled with guile ; 

Some cultivated, perfect beaux-espHts ; 

And others stupid to the last degree. 

To these, all these, must you extend the hand 

Of healing. This your conscience doth command, 

And this humanity enjoins. Herein 

Lies danger, for your sympathy will win 

You many friends, who, being folk of worth, 

The salt which renders wholesome all the earth, 

Will much advance your credit with the world; 

But being vicious — as the bee close curled 

Within the flower, oft stings him whose sense 

Inhales the sweet perfume — with much pretence 

And outward show of good, will wound your fame, 

Your ways pervert, and so assoil your name, 

That, like the Egyptian in the ancient tale,* 

Or "simple ones" of Proverbs, you will fail 

Not, when aroused at last, to realize, 

In tribulation and with many sighs, 

That, sweet on one side, apples of Istkahar, 

Upon the other, very bitter are. 

Assimilation is a common law, 

Good leads to good, evils to evil draw. 

The soul is nourished through the eye which looks 

Upon the good and true, for these are books 

Of wisdom. He who often contemplates 

111 deeds too oft his soul contaminates. 

The sick treat kindly, then, with hands benign 

Their wounds bind up, and oil pour in and wine. 

But make not friends of all this company, 

Though bright as asters to the eye they be. 

The Graces sometimes with the Fates clasp hands, 

Behind the Sirens oft some Fury stands. 



All sick, whether 
good or bad, must 
be succored. 



The law of assimi- 
lation. 



The physician 
must not make 
friends of all his 
patients indis- 
criminately. 



* The Tale of the Garden of Flowers. A story of Egyptian social 
life of the XlXth dynasty; contained in one of the hieratic papyri 
belonging to the museum at Turin, and translated by M. Francois 
Chabas. See Records of the Past, being English translations of 
the Assyrian and Egyptian monuments, vol. vi. p. 151. 



16 

The temptation Oh! ardent youth, what magazines of force, 

of fame and its ttt, , ,-■ -, , -, ., 

vanity. What mettled steeds upon the racing course 

Of life, ye are. Filled with ambitious dreams, 

Ye rush and foam, like swift and noisy streams 

That vex the steep-inclining mountain side, 

Against the boulders dash and over-ricle 

Their banks, singing meantime a wild refrain, 

And speeding swiftly onward to the plain. 

Along their banks what exhalations rise, 

What phantoms vast of fame enchant your eyes ; 

How from their sources, near the mountain's crest, 

They see and seek the fair green fields caressed 

With golden light which the regal sun flings down 

Upon the forest, river, plain, and town. 

Down running to the river and the sea, 

The streams, now lost in their identity, 

Exult no more, nor know, nor feel the sun, 

Though bathed in light through all the course they run. 

Ye, also, see from your beginnings slight, 

The dazzling spectre glory, with delight, 

And eagerly pursue, but ere life's noon 

Is reached, what if your hopes are wrecked and strewn? 

Daphne, by Phoebus chased, was changed in form; 

He clasped a bay-tree, not the goddess warm. 

The lesson taught The lesson which doth from this legend come 

Great Webster taught, who nearest Shakespeare clomb : 

"Glories, like glow-worms, afar off shine bright, 

But look'd to near, have neither heat nor light."* 



Ostentation and 
charlatanism to 
be avoided. 



Shun braggart glory, crave no sounding name, 

Good deeds in heaven's scales weigh more than fame. 

All pomp and vain display avoid, although 

The foolish world is led by empty show. 

Be always what you seem, seem what you be ; 

With learning couple large integrity. 

Through merit seek to rise, and not by dint 

Of blazoning your names in public print, 

Or pseudo-scientific pamphlets, Avhich 

Not science, but their writers seek to enrich 



* The Duchess of Malfl, Act iv. scene ii. 
Devil, or Vittoria Corombona. 



see also The White 



Through wondrous tales of cures adroitly told, 
To snare the credulous and filch their gold. 
Praise not yourselves, nor others' praises buy, 
As men, not showmen, with each other vie. 
Upon the public never seek to palm, 
With face unblushing and without a qualm, 
The coin of base presumptuous pretence 
For sterling gold of honest excellence.* 

If all or any of these things you do, They degrade tl]r 

Then will you soil the wreath, and rend in two profession. 

The veil of your fair bride, and make her name 
And mild, sweet face a mockery and shame. 

Again my basket I explore, and find The bay-wreath of 

o J r merit. 

Another wreath of leaves with flowers twined ; 
A bay-wreath, merit's coveted reward, 
Be-sprigged with rue and pine, which well accord 
As types of reason and philosophy ; 
With salvia decked and white mulberry, 
Which wisdom and her lofty ways declare. 
Who worthy is this simple wreath to wear ? 
Not you, oh not yet you, who just have donned 
Your armor bright, and for your mistress blonde 
Have struck no blow. 

For him alone this wreath, 
Who soon will put his armor off, and sheathe 
The sword which, more than fifty years, hath warred 
With direst foes of man, and hath restored 
To blessed liberty of health and ease, 
Unnumbered many captives of disease. 
Your hearts and thoughts, my heart and mind unite, 
And turn to him who sits upon my right. 

This chaplet now upon thy head I lay, Apostrophizing 

Thou Ambrose Pare of the present day ; Prof ' S " D " Gross - 

* Against the forms of quackery above indicated an emphatic 
cry of warning has been raised by Dr. E. B. Gardette, in his ad- 
mirable Valedictory Address to the graduating class of the Balti- 
more College of Dental Surgery, recently republished in this city ; 
and by Dr. M. H. Henry in an address entitled "Specialists and 
Specialties in Medicine," New York, 1876. 
9 



18 

For thee the laurel and the bay, thou skilled 
Amongst the foremost of our ancient guild ; 
Thou noble, learned lover of learning, 
Whom Oxford honored with just discerning ; 
Thou whom thy brethren all delight to praise, 
Thou good friend of my early, struggling days. 

Epicedmm. From him whose armor still is bravely worn, 

I pass, in sadness and with heart forlorn, 
To him whose armor has been laid aside. 
In tears and sadness and with humbled pride, 
And trembling hands and drooping soul, I spread, 
Prof. J. b. Biddie, I n memory of our brother who is dead, 
7q 1 °i,s d ? i Q d January These withered willow leaves and cypress sad. 
Oh! never more his face our hearts will glad, 
Oh ! never more within our ears will sound 
The voice of him we loved with love profound. 
But though his body crumbleth into dust, 
Still lives his name which all men said was just. 
To us that name whose lustre ne'er will cease, 
And to his ashes everlasting peace. 
And for your classmates, fallen in life's spring,* 
A handful of forget-me-nots I bring. 

The invocation. And now, Hymen, hear my earnest prayer, 
Thee I invoke, and all the Muses fair ; 
Thee, Erato, who sings at marriage feasts, 
Thee, Orpheus, who harps to savage beasts ; 
And great Apollo, who, soft lyre in hand, 
On high Olympus leads the choric band. 
You, smiling Seasons, too, I supplicate, 
Whose duty is to watch at heaven's gate, 
And order, justice, peace dispense on earth ; 
And lovely Graces, you, whose happy mirth 
Soothes labor, beautifies mechanic art, 
Rude sense refines, and decks both mind and heart. 
■6^ TheJPaian, I implore, thou surgeon bred, 

Who Ares cured when hurt by Diomed, 

* Clinton B. Fine, Alfonzo M. Keely, Jacob H. Lefevre, and Wil- 
liam J. Mosier, who died during the session. 



19 



And Cheiron, wise and just, most upright named,* 

In physic, all the arts and music famed. 

Next, Esculapius, on thee I call, 

Thou great physician, wisest of them all, 

Who cured all sick and brought to life the dead, 

Incurring thus the wrath of Zeus dread. 



Ye mighty powers, hither haste, draw near, 

And kindly look upon these bridegrooms here ; 

Their acts direct, be you their constant guide, 

And o'er their lives propitiously preside. 

make them good physicians, wise and kind, 

Well skilled in all the arts to help mankind ; 

In all the means of easing cruel pains, 

And calming restless hearts and troubled brains. 

Endow their hands with that obstetric power, 

Which succor brings in labor's dreadful hour, 

And great chirurgic skill to wield the knife, 

Austere but kind, that wounds in saving life. 

All chemic and botanic arts disclose 

To them, which best may mitigate man's woes, 

And skill medicinal, with which to stay 

The pestilence and rob it of its prey. 

Enable them to bring profound relief 

To those outstretched upon the rack of grief, 

And make them havens sure of peaceful rest, 

To all who suffer and are sore distressed. 



The writer 
earnestly hopes 
that those to 
whom this address 
was delivered may 
become useful and 
successful physi- 



Strew, Flora, strew, with flowers strew their way, 

Sing, Muses, sing the hymeneal lay, 

Lead, Graces, lead with rhythmic feet the dance, 

As bride and bridegroom hand in hand advance — 

She, radiant in all her blushing pride, 

He, seeking to be worthy of his bride. 

Give, Hymen, give them length of days and peace, 

And while they others bless without surcease, 

Let them with blessings numberless be crowned, 

As goodly trees with luscious fruit abound. 



Hymeneal. 



* So Homer in the Iliad, xi. 832. 



20 

Make the bride a crown of glory to her spouse, 
.Who plights to her, this clay, his nuptial vows ; 

Jhou[dSg l e ntly And let the g™ 0m exalt his bride S0 bi S h > 

strive to elevate That men, with hands forth stretched to her, shall cry — 

his profession, and 

thus lead the pub- In language of the sacred nuptial song* 

lie to respect and en n -j.il- i i 

honor it. fchall cry, in tender, burning words and strong — 

Behold how fair thou art, behold how fair, 
Thy voice how sweet, thy face beyond compare ; 
How fair thy love, how better far than wine, 
As honeycombs how drop thy lips divine ; 
How smell thy garments like to Lebanon, 
Thou pleasant dove, thou fair to look upon, 
Thou garden closed of spices sweet, thou well 
Of living waters cool, thou soft gazelle. 
How beautiful thy feet within thy shoes, 
How cunningly are wrought thy joints and thews. 
Thy neck is as a tower of ivory, 
Thou art all fair, there is no spot in thee. 

* The Sons of Solomon. 



GRADUATES 



JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE OF PHILADELPHIA. 

MARCH. 1879. 



At a Public Commencement, held at the American Academy of Music on the 
12th of March, 1879, the Degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred ou the 
following gentlemen, by E. 13. Gardette, M.D., President of the Institution, 
after which a Valedictory Address to the Graduates was delivered by Professor 
J. Aitken Meigs. M.D. 



name. 
Armstrong, J. Stone 

Bair, Thomas A. 
Bane, William C. 

Barnes, Samuel S. P. 
Beall, William P. 
Beckley, Edwin L. 
Beery, Charles C. 
Beyer, William F. 
Biddle, Alexander W. 
Blunden, Boyle N. 
Boenning, Henry C. 
Bond, Man roe 
Bowcock, John W. 
Brock, Rufus E. 
Brower, Charles F. 
Brown, Carlos M. 

Brown, Page 
Bryson, Lewis M. 
Buck, James P. 
Burford, J. Edward 
Burgin, Herman 
Burroughs, Hamilton S. 

Cahall, William Cannon 
Campbell, Cassius M. C. 
Campbell, George W. 
Carr, A. Smith 
Cates, Charles H. 
Cauthorn, Franklin 



STATE OR COUNTRY. SUBJECT OF THESIS. 

New York. A Normal Heart Beat. 

Pennsylvania. Clinical History of Typhoid Fever. 

Pennsylvania. Ovarian Cysts and their treatment 
by Ovariotomy. 

Ohio. The Portal Circulation. 

North Carolina. Diphtheria. 

Maryland. Bronchocele. 

New York. Cerebro-spinal Fever. 

Pennsylvania. Diphtheria. 

Pennsylvania. The Trephine. 

Pennsylvania. Bromide Preparations. 

Pennsylvania. The Localization of Spinal Lesions. 

New Hampshire. Malic Acid and Erysipelas. 

West Virginia. Laryngeal and Nasal Diphtheria. 

West Virginia. Leucocythsemia. 

Virginia. Intra-Capsular Fracture of the Femur. 

California. Insanity; its Pathology and Symp- 
toms. 

California. Apoplexy. 

Pennsylvania. Typhoid Fever. 

Pennsylvania Haematuria. 

Texas. Hemorrhagic Malarial Fever. 

Pennsylvania. Subjective Diagnosis. 

Pennsylvania. Haemoptysis. 

Delaware. Speech Impediments. 

Pennsylvania. Typhoid Fever. 

Pennsylvania. Etiology of Haemorrhoids. 

West Virginia. Morbilli. 

Maine. Blood Alterations of Pregnancy. 

Oregon. Digestion and Absorption. 



Chapman, Norman H. 
Clayton, George R. 
Cline, Lewis C. 
Cox, Thomas B. 
Crawford, George W. 
Crawford, Gustavus R. J. 
Criswell, John F. 
Crump, William L. 



Davis, Henry H. 
Davis, Lewis G. 
Deemer, John T. 
De Wolfe, Willard L. 
Diehl, Oliver 

Dillard, Richard, Jr. 
Duggan, James R. 

Ellenberger, J. Wesley 
Enos, Thos. A. 

Entler, George F. 

Espy, John S. 

Feltwell, John 
Flick, Lawrence F. 
Forbes, Wm. H. 
Forster, Charles V. 
Fowler, Warren H. 
Fravel, Edward H. 
Frick, Cyrus S. 
Friebis, George 
Fritz, Horace M. 

Gandy, Charles M. 
Gardiner, Charles 
Grady, William A. 
Guerrero, Alfonzo L. 
Guzman, Virgilio 

Hacker, Isaac B. 
Hale, John G. 
Haley, George P. 
Hampton, John T. 
Hankey, Wilbur H. J. 
Hansell, Howard F. 
Hassenplug, Galen K. 

Hays, Peter W. 
Hazlett, Isaac W. 

Heddens, James W. 
Heinitsh, George W. 
Herbein, Milton H. 
Herr, Francis C. 
Herron, Charles R. 

Hewson, Addinell, Jr. 



STATE OE COUNTEY. 

Illinois. 

Texas. 

Indiana. 

Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 

Canada. 

Indiana. 

North Carolina. 



SUBJECT OF THESIS. 

Surgical Shock. 
Angina Pectoris. 
Intermittent Fever. 
Jaborandi. 
Hysteria. 
Paraplegia. 

Acute Articular E,heumatism. 
Anatomy and Physiology of the Pneu- 
mogastric Nerve. 



New Jersey. 



Erythroxylon Coca. 



Pennsylvania. Typhoid Fever. 

Pennsylvania. Diphtheria. 

Pennsylvania. Physiology of the Blood. 

Pennsylvania. The Spinal Cord as an Independent 

Centre. 

North Carolina. Water. 

Georgia. Water. 

Pennsylvania. Acute Articular Rheumatism. 
Delaware. Origin, Distribution, and Functions 

of the Pneumogastric Nerve. 
New York. Deceptive and Destructive Errors of 

Modem Pharmacy. 
Pennsylvania. Malaria ; its nature and effects. 

"Pennsylvania. Precautions for the Practitioner. 

Pennsylvania. Hygiene. 

Indiana. Quinia. 

Pennsylvania. Cerebro-spinal Fever. 

New York. Aneurism. 

Virginia. Spermatorrhoea. 

Pennsylvania. Scarlatina. 

Pennsylvania. Therapeutic Stimulation. 

Pennsylvania. Inflammation. 

New Jersey. Transfusio Sanguinis. 

Connecticut. Puerperal Eclampsia. 

Minnesota. The Importance of Correct Diagnosis. 

Centr. America. Ansemia. 

Centr. America. Yellow Fever. 

Pennsylvania. Diphtheria. 

Arkansas. Malaria. 

New Jersey. The Blood in Health. 

Pennsylvania. Remittent Fever. 

Pennsylvania. Symptomatology. 

Pennsylvania. Fibroid Tumors of the Uterus. 
.Pennsylvania. The Fourth Ventricle and its Rela- 
tions to some of the Cranial Nerves. 

Pennsylvania. Apoplexy. 

Ohio. The Anatomy and Pathology of the 

Lymphatic System. 

Missouri. Stricture of the Urethra. 

Pennsylvania. Cardiac Neuralgia. 

Pennsylvania. Typhoid Fever. 

Pennsylvania. Cerebral Ansemia. 

Florida. Is Yellow Fever Indigenous to the 

United States or an Exotic. 

Pennsylvania. The Anatomy, Pathology, and Symp- 
tomatology of Stricture of the Ure- 
thra in the Male. 






STATE OR COUNTRY. 

Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 

Kentucky. 

North Carolina. 

Illinois. 

Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 

Indiana. 

Pennsylvania. 

West Virginia. 

Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 



Hice, Edward C. 
Hickman, James W. 
Holman, James A. 
Holmes, Win. E. 
Hopkins, Abram C. 
Hopper, Harry C. 
Horn, Harry Y. 
Hough, Thomas A. 
Howard, Randolph N. 
Howell, Richard L. 
Hoy, William S. 
Hoyt, Theodore E. 
Hudders, John S. 

Ibach, Frederick G. 

Irwin, William B. 



Jacob, Harry 
Jamison, William A. 
Jayne, Calvin K. 
Jessop, Samuel A. S. 
Johnson, Samuel C. 
Johnston, John P. 

Kilborn, Harvey B. 
Kilburn, Frank 
King, George P. 
Kirkpatrick, M. Baldwin 
Kistler, James K. 
Kneedler, William L. 
Knox, Samuel D. 
Koous, Philip R. 
Kram, George W.. 



Larimer, William T. Pennsylvania. 

Lawrance, Edward Stuart Pennsylvania. 

Lee, Bernard R. Pennsylvania. 

Lichliter, David C. Virginia. 



MacCord, George Thornton Pennsylvania. 
MaoDonald, John Prince Edw. I. 

Martin, Aaron Pennsylvania. 



Pennsylvania. 
Pennsylvania. 
Pennsylvania. 
Pennsylvania. 
Pennsylvania. 
Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 

New Brunswick. 

Pennsylvania. 

Illinois. 

Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 

Ohio. 

Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 



Middleton, William J. 
Mitchell, Edmund H. 
Montgomery, James E. 
Murray, Thomas J. 
Musgrove, Charles W. 
McAninch, David L. 
McCallister, Charles H. 
McClellan, R. Miller 
McClure, Frank E. 
McComb, Samuel F. 
McEwen, Charles M. 
McGehee, Daniel M. 
McGoguey, Samuel 
McMullen, John C. 
McNichol, Edgar 



Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 

Tennessee. 

Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 

Indiana. 

Pennsylvania. 

Vermont. 

Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 

Mississippi. 

Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 

Massachusetts. 



SUBJECT OF THESIS. 

Cinchona and its Alkaloids. 

Embryology. 

Fractures. 

Gonorrhoea in the Male. 

Intermittent Fever. 

Somnambulism. 

Dysentery. 

Epilepsy. 

Acute Rheumatism. 

Actual Cautery. 

Yellow Fever. 

Epidemic Catarrh. 

Disease. 

Means of Lessening the Sufferings of 

Parturition. 
Influence of the Mind on the Body in 

Health and Disease. 

Apoplexy. 

Diphtheria. 

Dysmenorrhea. 

Erysipelas. 

Scarlatina. 

Anaesthetics. 

Cerebro-spinal Fever. 

Diphtheria. 

Gelsemium Semper-virens. 

Hygiene. 

Dysentery. 

Disease Germs. 

Care- of the Infant. 

Nasal Catarrh : Acute and Chronic. 

Iron and its Compounds. 

Temperature and Treatment of Ty- 
phoid Fever. 

Delirium Tremens. 

Ununited Fractures. 

Natural Phenomena of the Puerperal 
Condition. 

The Educated Nurse. 

Typhoid Fever. 

Conditions to be observed before and 

after Eating. 
Acute Articular Rheumatism. 
Intermittent Fever. 
Ac.ute Pleurisy. 
Malarial Cachexia. 
Medical Diagnosis. 
Outline of the Nervous System. 
Carbonic Acid. 
Head-last Labors. 
Typhoid Fever. 
Diagnosis. 

Sporadic Dysentery. 
Typhoid Fever. 
Circulation of the Blood. 
Inflammation. 
Typhoid Fever. 



STATE OE COUNTRY 

Pennsylvania. 
Pennsylvania. 
Maryland. 
Pennsylvania. 



NAME. 

Neiman, Howard Y. 
Nes, Henry 
Nicodemus, John D. 
Nonamaker, Noah. S. 

Orr, Samuel M. 
Otway, David B. 

Page, Dudley L. 
Paine, William A. 
Peairs, Elisha P. 
Pershing, Frank S. 
Pierce, George L. 
Pigman, Samuel C. 
Poffenberger, Albert T. 
Potsdamer, Joseph B. 

Pownall, Howard W. 
Price, Allen D. 
Price, Joseph H. 
Pricer, William E. 
Pringle, William W. 

Rambo, Samuel M. 
Reynolds, John M. C. 

Rhoads, George H. 
Righter, William H. 
Rinehart, Wiltard E. 
Rodman, William L. 
Rose, Archimedes 

Scates, Dan. W. 

Schaeffer, Uriah R. 



Schellinger, Clarence M. New Jersey. 
Scroggs, Gustavus A. Ohio. 

Seaman, Dean New York. 



Seibert, George W. 
Sheardown, T. Winton 
Shirk, John K. 
Shriner, Charles H. 

Smith, Charles S. 
Smith, Harris K. 
Spragg, Sylvanus L. S. 
Sprowls, Isaac Newton 
Stapp, James T. 
Stewart, David D. 

Stewart, Francis Edward 
Strohecker, James T. 

Tharp, William S. 
Throop, George S. 
Tice, Frederic L. C. 
Tom 1 in son, Thomas C. 
Torbert, Euos G. 
Torrence, D. Rogers 

Vega, Francisco 



SUBJECT OF THESIS. 

Typhoid Fever. 
Diseases of the Rectum. 
Preventive Medicine. 
Typhoid Fever. 



Sonth Carolina. Scarlatina. 
West Indies. Pneumonia. 



Massachusetts. Heredity. 

Pennsylvania. Intermittent Fever. 

Pennsylvania. Diphtheria. 

Pennsylvania. Typhoid Fever. 

California. Theory and Practice i/f Medicine. 

Pennsylvania. Fractures. 

Pennsylvania. Sewerage, Drainage, and Ventilation. 

Pennsylvania. The Diagnosis of Valvular Diseases 

of the Heart. 

Pennsylvania. Acute Articular Rheumatism. 

Pennsylvania. Carcinoma Uteri. 

Pennsylvania. Scarlet Fever. 

Ohio. Cucurbita Pepo as an Anthelmintic. 

Ohio. Phthisis Pulmonalis. 

Pennsylvania. Management of the Sick Room. 

Pennsylvania. Hygienic Care and Moral Training of 

Infants and Children. 

Pennsylvania. Physiology of the Sympathetic. 

Delaware. Calcium Chloride. 

Oregon. Diphtheria. 

Kentucky. Lobar Pneumonia. 

U. S. Army. Head-last Labors. 

Tennessee. What Chemistry has done for the 

World. 
Pennsylvania. Influence of Imagination upon the 

Body in Health and Disease. 
Disinfection. 
Gastritis. 
The Anatomy and Distribution of the 

Fifth Pair of Nerves. 
Pennsylvania. Malarial Fever. 
Minnesota. Chancre. 

Pennsylvania. The Etiology of Uterine Affections. 
Pennsylvania. Treatment of Rheumatism in Malarial 

Districts. 
Ohio. Rudimentary Strictures. 

Pennsylvania. Typhoid Fever versus Typhus. 
Pennsylvania. Alcohol. 
Pennsylvania. Mental Therapeutics. 
Alabama. Yellow Fever. 

Pennsylvania. Influence of Parents in producing 

Syphilitic Offspring. 
New York. A New Method of Rectal Medication. 

Pennsylvania. Therapeutics of Children. 

Missouri. Intermittent Fever. 

Pennsylvania. Nervous Shock. 

Maryland. Baths. 

Delaware. Water. 

Pennsylvania. Physiology of Eclampsia. 

Pennsylvania. Sunstroke. 



Centr. America. Cerebro-spinal Fever. 






NAME. 

Wallace, Ellerslie, Jr. 
Wallen, Seely 
Ward, George Mason 
Waters, John 
Way, Eugene 
Weiser, George B., Jr, 
Weiss, Louis 

Whitaker, .lames S. 
Whitney, Edward M. 
Wiley, S. Nelson 
Wilson, II. Augustus 



Winslow, Byron 
Witting, Anthony P. 
Woodruff, George 
Worsley, Edward A. 
Wright, J. Edward 



STATE OK COUNTRY. 

Pennsylvania. 

New Jersey. 

Pennsylvania. 

Arkansas. 

New Jersey. 

Pennsylvania. 

Colorado. 

Maryland. 
Massachusetts. 
Pennsylvania. 
Pennsylvania. 



Pennsylvania. 

Kentucky. 

New Hampshire. 

Virginia. 

Pennsylvania. 



SUBJECT OF THESIS. 

Milk. 

Staphyloraphy. 

Saponification and its results. 

A Healthy Child. 

The Hygienic Treatment of Disease. 

Thermometry. 

Dialysed Iron with special reference 
to its use in Arsenical Poisoning. 

Diphtheria. 

Eucalyptus Globulus. 

Prolapsus Uteri. 

The Mechanism of Muscular Action 
causing Transverse Fracture of the 
Patella. 

Physiology of Vision. 

A Clinical Case. 

Croup. 

The Thermometer. 

Lead ; its Chemistry and Therapeu- 
tics. 



Yard, John L. 
Zeiner, Levi S. 



Pennsylvania. Leucocythsemia 
Pennsylvania 



Position and Mobility of the Uniin- 
pregnated Uterus. 



Of the above there were from — 



109 



Pennsylvania 

Ohio 7 

New Jersey C> 

New York fi 

Indiana 5 

Delaware 4 

Maryland 4 

Virginia 4 

North Carolina.. 4 



West Virginia 4 

Massachusetts 3 

California 3 

Kentucky 3 

Illinois 3 

Central America.. 3 

Oregon 2 

Missouri 2 

Arkansas 2 



New Hampshire... 2 

Tennessee 2 

Minnesota 2 

Texas 2 

Vermont 1 

Mississippi 1 

South Carolina 1 

Alabama 1 

Colorado 1 



Georgia 

Maine 

Connecticut 

Florida 

U. S. Army 

Prince Edward I. 

Canada 

West Indies 

New Brunswick.. 

Total 196 



The following prizes were awarded : — 

1. A prize of $100, by Henry C. Lea, Esq., for the best Thesis, to Henry C. Boenning, 
of Pennsylvania, with honourable mention of the Theses of Frank E. Stewart, of New 
York, William L. Kneedler, of Pennsylvania, Carlos M. Brown, of California, Monroe 
Bond, of New Hampshire, and William S. Hoy, of West Virginia. 

2. A prize of $50, for the best Essay on a subject pertaining to Surgery, to Bernard R. 
Lee, of Pennsylvania, with honourable mention of the Theses of Norman II. Chapman, of 
Illinois, and Henry Nes, of Pennsj'lvania. 

3. A prize of $50, for the best Anatomical Preparation, to William L. Kneedler, of 
Pennsylvania 

4. A prize of $50, for the best Essay on a subject pertaining to Obstetrics, etc., to 
David C. Lichliter, of Virginia, with honourable mention of the Thesis of Howard F. 
Hansell, of Pennsylvania. 

5. A prize of $50, for the best Essay on a Subject pertaining to Materia Medica and 
Therapeutics, to Louis Weiss, of Colorado, with honourable mention of the Thesis of Albert 
T. Poffenberger, of Pennsylvania. 

6. A prize of $50, for the best Essay on a subject pertaining to Physiology, to William 
C. Canall, of Delaware. 

7. A prize of $50, for the best Essay on a subject pertaining to the Theory and Practice 
of Medicine, to John L. Yard, of Pennsylvania, with honourable mention of the Thesis 
of William L. Rodman, of Kentucky. 



8 A prize of $50, for the best Essay on a subject pertaining to Chemistry, to George 
W. Krain, of Pennsylvania, with honourable mention of the Thesis of James R. Duggan, 
of Georgia. 

9 A prize of a Gold Medal, by the Demonstrator of Surgery, for excellence in Band- 
aging, to Lawrence F. Flick, of Pennsylvania, with honourable mention of G. A. Scroggs, 
of Ohio. 

10 A prize of a Gold Medal, by R. J. Levis, M.D., for the best Report of his Surgical 
Clinic, at the Pennsylvania Hospital, to Charles M. Gandy, of New Jersey, with honoura- 
ble mention of Norman H. Chapman, of Illinois, Addinell Hewson, Jr., Bernard R. Lee, 
and William H. Righter, of Pennsylvania. 






